Description

• Title:
  The border areas of the polish language
• Creator:
  Bednarczuk, Leszek
• Description:
  A. The North-Eastern borderThe Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) was a multiethnic and multinational state. Apart from Lithuanians, who had built the State and given it its name, the GDL was populated by the East Slavic tribes of Kriviči, Dregoviči and Radimiči gave rise to the Belarusian nation and language. After the Union of Lublin (1569), the Grand Duchy saw the spread of Polish language and culture. Cultural Polonization of the Lithuanian and Belarusian nobility, burghers and clergy after the Union of Lublin (1569), and a population influx from Poland, resulted in the rise of a local variant of the Polish language, attested also in administrative texts and literary output. We can distinguish the following Polish regiolects in the territory of the GDL, where one finds common features attributable to the influence of the Lithuanian Belarusian. (1) Wilno / Vilnius and its region, (2) Kowno / Kaunas and Lauda region, (3) Suwałki / Suvalkai, (4) Podlasie – Grodno, (5) Polesie, (6) Nowogródek, (7) Minsk – Bobrujsk, (8) Mohylew – Witebsk, (9) Smolensk, (10) Inflants (Latgalia).B. The South-Eastern borderStarting from Porphyrogennetos, historical sources document the contacts of Lendians / Lachs / Poles with Ruthenians, the ancestors of the Ukrainians (instances of displacement and of settlement-related expansion), which is attested by the mutual borrowings and the Polish-Ruthenian grapholect in the 14th–16th century, and after the Union of Lublin – the Polish settlements in the Ukrainian lands of the Rzeczpospolita. A mark of the Mazowsze settlements,  which date back to the Middle Ages, is represented by the term Mazurzy that is used to refer to the residents of peasant villages (even though the majority of their dialectal features and the historical data indicate the Małopolska region), whereas the language and the customs of the villages of noblemen is more closely related to the general Polish language. Both the former and the latter manifest Ukrainian influence, which apart from borrowings and calques preserves archaic terms. Apart from common features, the South-East borderland dialects manifest a territorial variety: (1) The Polonisation of Red Ruthenia, especially of cities (Lwów, Przemyśl, Drohobycz), began already in the Middle Ages. (2) In the 16th–17th century the Polish language expanded in Volhynia, (3) in Podolia, (4) in Kiev and in the Dnieper region, and (5) in the 18th–19th century – in Bukovina and Moldova. An indirect testimony of Polish settlement is furnished by the network of Roman Catholic parishes i.e. the „polska (lacka) wiara”.C. The Southern borderOn the grounds of the studies conducted hitherto, the people inhabiting Silesia and Southern Poland may be divided into the following linguistic and settlement groups:1.The Pre-Polish Group, dating back to the Slav colonisation of the Sudetes and Western Carpathians, with Lechitic ethnolects which gradually split up into the dialects of Southern Poland and the North Moravian and Slovak dialect.2. The Peripheral Old Polish Group, dating back to the Silesian, Vistulanian and Lendzan tribal domain and Early Piastian times. The dialects of the southern borderland, isolated off from the Polish linguistic area in the period preceding the emergence of „mazurzenie” may be regarded as its vestiges. Linguistic traits going back to this group and extant in the Nowy Sącz region include certain archaisms in the local speech of Muszyna and Tylicz and marginally in the neighbouring places (Piwniczna and Rymanów in East).3. The Pre-Góralian Group, which split away from the rest of the Southern Polish dialects reaching the Spisz region through the Valley of the Dunajec and Poprad, where it encountered the Slovak population and German colonists at a time before the Wallachian colonisation. From there it moved on into the Podhale, where there are numerous archaisms still extant today, of those which originally spanned the entire Górale highland region, including the Dunajec Valleys.4. The Lachy Group, between Wadowice and Nowy Sącz. It has preserved a number of archaisms not met in other dialects, which some of its innovations shared with other Lachy dialects reached the Spisz area and Southern Polish lowlands, across which the last wave of colonists reached the Nowy Sącz region, moving up the Valleys of the Dunajec.;
  WPROWADZENIEA. POGRANICZE PÓŁNOCNO-WSCHODNIE0. UWAGI WSTĘPNEI. KALENDARIUM WIELKIEGO KSIĘSTWA LITEWSKIEGO (WKL)II. WSPÓLNOTA KOMUNIKATYWNA WKLIII. JĘZYK LITEWSKIIV. JĘZYK BIAŁORUSKIV. PIŚMIENNICTWO POLSKIE NA ZIEMIACH WKLVI. CECHY WSPÓLNE PÓŁNOCNO-WSCHODNIEJ POLSZCZYZNYVII. ZRÓŻNICOWANIE TERYTORIALNE PÓŁNOCNO-WSCHODNIEJ POLSZCZYZNY1.Wileńszczyzna, 2.Kowieńszczyzna, 3. Suwalszczyzna, 4. Podlasie – Grodzieńszczyzna, 5. Polesie,6. Nowogródczyzna, 7. Mińsk – Bobrujsk, 8. Mohylew – Witebsk – Połock, 9. Smoleńsk,10. Inflanty – ŁotwaVIII.UWAGI KOŃCOWEB. POGRANICZE POŁUDNIOWO-WSCHODNIE0. UWAGI WSTĘPNEI. KALENDARIUM KONTAKTÓW POLSKO-RUSKICHII. INNOWACJE JĘZYKA UKRAIŃSKIEGO1.Nazwa Ukraina, Ukrainiec, 2. Związki językowe ukraińsko-białoruskie, 3. Dialekty ukraińskiea południowo-wschodnia polszczyznaIII. PIŚMIENNICTWO POLSKIE NA ZIEMIACH RUSKICH RZECZYPOSPOLITEJIV. CECHY WSPÓLNE POŁUDNIOWO-WSCHODNIEJ POLSZCZYZNYV. ZRÓŻNICOWANIE TERYTORIALNE POŁUDNIOWO-WSCHODNIEJ POLSZCZYZNY1. Ruś Czerwona, 2. Wołyń, 3. Podole – Huculszczyzna, 4. Podnieprze, 5. Bukowina – MołdawiaVI. UWAGI KOŃCOWEC. POGRANICZE POŁUDNIOWE0. UWGI WSTĘPNEI. DOLNY I GÓRNY ŚLĄSKII. CIESZYŃSKIE – JABŁONKOWSKIE – CZADECKIEIII. MAŁOPOLSKA POŁUDNIOWA1. Żywieckie – Orawa, 2. Podhale, 3. Spisz – Pieniny – Gorce, 4. Muszyna – Tylicz, 5. Sądecczyzna, 6. PodkarpacieIV. NAWIĄZANIA WSCHODNIOSŁOWACKIEV. UWAGI KOŃCOWEBibliografia, Wykaz skrótów
• Object availability:
  free access
• Date:
  2019.11.13
• Type:
  info:eu-repo/semantics/article;
  info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion;
  Artykuł naukowy
• Language:
  Polish
• Source:
  Gwary Dziś; Vol. 9 (2017); 85-158;
  Gwary Dziś; Tom 9 (2017); 85-158;
  1898-9276
• Format:
  application/pdf
• Publisher:
  Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan
• Relation: http://pressto.amu.edu.pl/index.php/gd/article/view/20217/19803
• Subject:
  border;
  interference;
  periphery;
  substrate;
  interferencja;
  kresy;
  pogranicza;
  peryferie;
  substrat
• Identifier: http://pressto.amu.edu.pl/index.php/gd/article/view/20217
• Data provider:
  Platforma Otwartych Czasopism Naukowych UAM
• Can I use it?:
  seek permission
• Type:
  text